CISSP Actual Real Questions: Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) & CISSP Practice Questions

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The CISSP certification was developed by the International Information Systems Security Certification Consortium (ISC) and is widely considered one of the most difficult certifications to attain. The CISSP Exam Tests for knowledge of concepts such as network security, software security, cryptography, physical security, and general security principles. Candidates must pass a rigorous 8-hour long exam and demonstrate proficiency in at least 10 out of 12 knowledge areas. This article will provide you with some useful tips on how to prepare for the ISC CISSP certification exam by studying CISSP Dumps and what to expect during the day of your test.

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ISC Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) Sample Questions (Q895-Q900):

NEW QUESTION # 895
Which of the following security control is intended to avoid an incident from occurring?

A. Preventive
B. Corrective
C. Deterrent
D. Recovery

Answer: A

Explanation:
Preventive controls are intended to avoid an incident from occurring For your exam you should know below information about different security controls
Deterrent Controls Deterrent Controls are intended to discourage a potential attacker. Access controls act as a deterrent to threats and attacks by the simple fact that the existence of the control is enough to keep some potential attackers from attempting to circumvent the control. This is often because the effort required to circumvent the control is far greater than the potential reward if the attacker is successful, or, conversely, the negative implications of a failed attack (or getting caught) outweigh the benefits of success. For example, by forcing the identification and authentication of a user, service, or application, and all that it implies, the potential for incidents associated with the system is significantly reduced because an attacker will fear association with the incident. If there are no controls for a given access path, the number of incidents and the potential impact become infinite. Controls inherently reduce exposure to risk by applying oversight for a process. This oversight acts as a deterrent, curbing an attacker's appetite in the face of probable repercussions. The best example of a deterrent control is demonstrated by employees and their propensity to intentionally perform unauthorized functions, leading to unwanted events. When users begin to understand that by authenticating into a system to perform a function, their activities are logged and monitored, and it reduces the likelihood they will attempt such an action. Many threats are based on the anonymity of the threat agent, and any potential for identification and association with their actions is avoided at all costs. It is this fundamental reason why access controls are the key target of circumvention by attackers. Deterrents also take the form of potential punishment if users do something unauthorized. For example, if the organization policy specifies that an employee installing an unauthorized wireless access point will be fired, that will determine most employees from installing wireless access points.
Preventative Controls Preventive controls are intended to avoid an incident from occurring. Preventative access controls keep a user from performing some activity or function. Preventative controls differ from deterrent controls in that the control is not optional and cannot (easily) be bypassed. Deterrent controls work on the theory that it is easier to obey the control rather than to risk the consequences of bypassing the control. In other words, the power for action resides with the user (or the attacker). Preventative controls place the power of action with the system, obeying the control is not optional. The only way to bypass the control is to find a flaw in the control's implementation.
Compensating Controls Compensating controls are introduced when the existing capabilities of a system do not support the requirement of a policy. Compensating controls can be technical, procedural, or managerial. Although an existing system may not support the required controls, there may exist other technology or processes that can supplement the existing environment, closing the gap in controls, meeting policy requirements, and reducing overall risk. For example, the access control policy may state that the authentication process must be encrypted when performed over the Internet. Adjusting an application to natively support encryption for authentication purposes may be too costly. Secure Socket Layer (SSL), an encryption protocol, can be employed and layered on top of the authentication process to support the policy statement. Other examples include a separation of duties environment, which offers the capability to isolate certain tasks to compensate for technical limitations in the system and ensure the security of transactions. In addition, management processes, such as authorization, supervision, and administration, can be used to compensate for gaps in the access control environment.
Detective Controls Detective controls warn when something has happened, and are the earliest point in the post-incident timeline. Access controls are a deterrent to threats and can be aggressively utilized to prevent harmful incidents through the application of least privilege. However, the detective nature of access controls can provide significant visibility into the access environment and help organizations manage their access strategy and related security risk. As mentioned previously, strongly managed access privileges provided to an authenticated user offer the ability to reduce the risk exposure of the enterprise's assets by limiting the capabilities that authenticated user has. However, there are few options to control what a user can perform once privileges are provided. For example, if a user is provided write access to a file and that file is damaged, altered, or otherwise negatively impacted (either deliberately or unintentionally), the use of applied access controls will offer visibility into the transaction. The control environment can be established to log activity regarding the identification, authentication, authorization, and use of privileges on a system. This can be used to detect the occurrence of errors, the attempts to perform an unauthorized action, or to validate when provided credentials were exercised. The logging system as a detective device provides evidence of actions (both successful and unsuccessful) and tasks that were executed by authorized users.
Corrective Controls When a security incident occurs, elements within the security infrastructure may require corrective actions. Corrective controls are actions that seek to alter the security posture of an environment to correct any deficiencies and return the environment to a secure state. A security incident signals the failure of one or more directive, deterrent, preventative, or compensating controls. The detective controls may have triggered an alarm or notification, but now the corrective controls must work to stop the incident in its tracks. Corrective controls can take many forms, all depending on the particular situation at hand or the particular security failure that needs to be dealt with.
Recovery Controls Any changes to the access control environment, whether in the face of a security incident or to offer temporary compensating controls, need to be accurately reinstated and returned to normal operations. There are several situations that may affect access controls, their applicability, status, or management. Events can include system outages, attacks, project changes, technical demands, administrative gaps, and full-blown disaster situations. For example, if an application is not correctly installed or deployed, it may adversely affect controls placed on system files or even have default administrative accounts unknowingly implemented upon install. Additionally, an employee may be transferred, quit, or be on temporary leave that may affect policy requirements regarding separation of duties. An attack on systems may have resulted in the implantation of a Trojan horse program, potentially exposing private user information, such as credit card information and financial data. In all of these cases, an undesirable situation must be rectified as quickly as possible and controls returned to normal operations.
The following answers are incorrect:
Deterrent - Deterrent controls are intended to discourage a potential attacker
Corrective - Corrective control fixes components or systems after an incident has occurred
Recovery - Recovery controls are intended to bring the environment back to regular operations
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA Review Manual 2014 Page number 44 and Official ISC2 CISSP guide 3rd edition Page number 50 and 51

NEW QUESTION # 896
A type of preventive/physical access control is:

A. An intrusion detection system
B. Biometrics for authentication
C. Biometrics for identification
D. Motion detectors

Answer: C

Explanation:
Biometrics applied to identification of an individual is a one-tomany search where an individual's physiological or behavioral characteristics are compared to a database of stored information. An example would be trying to match a person's fingerprints to a set in a national database of fingerprints. This search differs from the biometrics search for authentication in answer "Biometrics for authentication". That search would be a one-toone comparison of a person's physiological or behavioral characteristics with their corresponding entry in an authentication database. Answer "motion detectors" is a type of detective physical control and answer d is a detective/technical control.

NEW QUESTION # 897
The recommended optimal relative humidity range for computer operations is:

A. 60% to 80%
B. 40% to 60%
C. 10% to 30%
D. 30% to 40%

Answer: B

Explanation:
The correct answer is C. 40% to 60% relative humidity is recommended
for safe computer operations. Too low humidity can create
static discharge problems, and too high humidity can create condensation and electrical contact problems.

NEW QUESTION # 898
Which security model ensures that actions that take place at a higher security level do not affect actions that take place at a lower level?

A. The information flow model
B. The noninterference model
C. The Bell-LaPadula model
D. The Clark-Wilson model

Answer: B

Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Multilevel security properties can be expressed in many ways, one being noninterference. This concept is implemented to ensure any actions that take place at a higher security level do not affect, or interfere with, actions that take place at a lower level. This type of model does not concern itself with the flow of data, but rather with what a subject knows about the state of the system. So if an entity at a higher security level performs an action, it cannot change the state for the entity at the lower level.
If a lower-level entity was aware of a certain activity that took place by an entity at a higher level and the state of the system changed for this lower-level entity, the entity might be able to deduce too much information about the activities of the higher state, which in turn is a way of leaking information. Users at a lower security level should not be aware of the commands executed by users at a higher level and should not be affected by those commands in any way.
Incorrect Answers:
A: The Bell-LaPadula model is a state machine model used for enforcing access control in government and military applications. This is not what is described in the question.
B: The information flow model forms the basis of other models such as Bell-LaPadula or Biba. This is not what is described in the question.
D: The Clark-Wilson model prevents unauthorized users from making modifications, prevents authorized users from making improper modifications, and maintains internal and external consistency through auditing. This is not what is described in the question.
References:
Harris, Shon, All In One CISSP Exam Guide, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2013, p. 380

NEW QUESTION # 899
Which ISO/OSI layer establishes the communications link between individual devices over a physical link or channel?

A. Transport layer
B. Physical layer
C. Network layer
D. Data link layer

Answer: D

Explanation:
The data link layer (layer 2) establishes the communications link between individual devices over a physical link or channel. It also ensures that messages are delivered to the proper device and translates the messages from layers above into bits for the physical layer (layer 1) to transmit. Source: KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, Chapter 3: Telecommunications and Network Security (page 83).

NEW QUESTION # 900
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